Mipango na Uratibu

PLANNING

Regional Economic Profile in Brief.

Coast Region’s economy continues to be dominated by the agriculture sector. Both commercial and peasantry farming are carried out, with the latter dominating. According to the results of the 2007/08 Coast region agriculture sample census report, the crop farming engaged 82 percent of economically active population followed by livestock keeping (2 percent) and fishing (4 percent). The remaining percentage (12) was involved in other off farm economic activities such as trade and repairs. Agriculture contributes most of the region’s cash income mainly from scale of coconuts, oranges, mango and cassava.

Reginal Gross Domestic Product

The Coast region’s GDP stood at TShs 826,409 million at current prices in 2012. In terms of GDP, the regional economy grew by 18.7 percent between 2011 and 2012.  Remarkable GDP growth rate of 19.4 percent was observed over the period of 2009 to 2010 while the smallest growth rate of 3.9 percent was over the period of 2003 to 2004. In 2012 Pwani region’s share of the national GDP was 1.8 percent which is equivalent to TShs. 826,409 million. With this percentage contribution/share to the national Gross Domestic Product, Pwani region ranked eighteen (18) among Mainland regions

Regional Per Capita GDP

The per capita income of the residents of Coast region was TShs. 752,192 (equivalent to US $ 470) in 2012. This amount was lower than that of Tanzania Mainland which was estimated at Tshs. 1,025,038 (equivalent to US$ 640) in 2012. The average annual per capita income of the residents of Pwani region increased from TShs 640,801 in 2011 to TShs 752,192 in 2012. This is an increase of 17.4 percent. However, in terms of US Dollars the increase was from US$ 412 in 2011 to US$ 470 in 2012 an increase of 14.2 per cent.

Poverty Indicators

Besides GDP and per capita GDP, there are a number of indicators that indicate poverty levels in the region. These indicators include gini coefficient, poverty gap, and percent of households below basic needs poverty line, main source of cash income, food security, food consumption patterns, net enrolment, adult literacy rate, health indicators, and access to safe drinking water. They also include housing conditions in terms of type of toilet, roofing material, and source of energy for lighting as well as for cooking.

Main Source of Cash Income

The 2007/08 National Sample Census of Agriculture Report shows that the main occupation/source of income for the households in Coast region was crop farming (82 percent of small holder households). Other sources were followed by fishing (4 percent). Livestock keeping and herding (2 percent) also employed in the government and non-governmental organizations (NGO) (10 percent) and other

STATISTICS

Population
Ethnic Groups
 The main indigenous ethnic group is the Wazaramo. Others who form significant minorities are the Wazigua, Wakwere, Wadoe, Wamasai, Wamatumbi, Wangindo, Wayao, Wandengereko, Waluguru, Wanyamwezi, Wagogo, Wamakonde, Wanyangatwa, Washirazi, and the Wapokomo’s.
The Wazaramo, Wakwere and Wandengereko are the majority in most of the councils while the Wamasai and Wadoe are found in Bagamoyo district council, Wapakomo and Washirazi are mainly found in Mafia. The rest of the ethnic groups Wazigua, Wamatumbi, Wangido, Waluguru, Wamakonde, Wanyagatwa and others are found in different councils.
 
Population Size and Growth
Like most regions in Tanzania Mainland, the population of Pwani region has experienced a significant growth. Table1.5 shows that the region had 1,098,668 people in 2012 compared to 885,017 inhabitants counted in the 2002 Population Census, resulting in a significant increase of 213,651 people (24.1 percent) during the intercensal period. The region accounts for 2.5 percent of the total population of Tanzania Mainland.
Population in Coast region when compared with other regions in the Mainland, Coast Region comes out as the 5th least populous region followed by Iringa, Lindi, Njombe and Katavi at the bottom.

Coast region’s population grew at an average of 2.4 percent per annum between 1988 and 2002. From 2002 and the year 2012 the growth rate decreased to an average of 2.2 percent per annum.

Table 1 shows that the population of Pwani region reached 1,098,668 in 2012 from 885,017 in 2002. This is an increase of about 24 percent in ten years. Bagamoyo district council continues to lead followed by Mkuranga district council while Mafia remains the least populous council in the 2002 and 2012 censuses.

Table 1: Population Distribution by Council, Pwani Region, 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

Kibaha DC: Kibaha District Council, Kibaha TC: Kibaha Town council

Source: compiled from 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses.

Population Density
Coast region, with an average population density of 27 persons per sq. km. in 2002 was considered to be a moderate densely populated region compared to other regions of Tanzania Mainland. In 2012, the region had a total population of 1,098,668 and a population density of 34 people per square kilometer. The region did not reflect any sort of land pressure compared to regions like Kilimanjaro or Dar es Salaam.
 
The Mainland population density in 2002 was 38 people per sq. km. Pwani Region was placed at number 13 in terms of population density among other Mainland regions. Dar es Salaam led with 1,786 people per sq. km followed by Mwanza 150 and Kilimanjaro (103). The least densely populated regions were Lindi (12), Rukwa (17) and Ruvuma (18 people per sq. km).
 
Population Distribution by Sex and Age
The 2012 Population Census showed that females were more than males in Coast region and all its councils. At regional level, in 2012, for every 100 females there were 96 males (Table 2). In 2012, the district with the highest sex ratio of 99 males for every 100 females was Kisarawe district council (Table 2).

Table 2: Population Distribution by Sex and Sex Ratio by Council, Pwani Region; 2002 and 2012 Censuses

Source: Calculations based on data from the 2002 and 2012 Censuses

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Health Sector

The status of health services in any region can be easily visualised through the health infrastructure, availability and commitment of health practitioners, implementation of preventive and curative measures and availability of medicine and medical supplies.

The main objective of any local government authority and the nation as a whole is to ensure provision of quality health service to the community. The available data on health infrastructure in the region show that, the number of facilities increased from 192 in 2005 to 231 in 2008 and reached 262 in 2012. As a result, region has managed to raise the number of facilities per ward from 1.7 in 2005 to 2.3 in 2012

In order to serve the ever growing population in the region village health posts were established to complement the existing official health infrastructure. These centres are operated by Village Health Workers (VHWs) assisted by traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) under supervision of Village Health Committees (VHCs)

Education Sector

As it is well known, education is one of the basic tools for social and economic development. This understanding is evident from the steps so far taken by the Government of Tanzania to increase intake of children into primary schools. Adoption of the Universal Primary School Education in 1974 played a big role in providing primary education to children of age 7-13. The 2002 Census shows that there was a significant decrease in illiteracy rate in Pwani region. In 2002, Pwani region had literacy rate of 72 percent compared to 68.3 percent in 1988.

Primary Education

Primary education provides the foundation on which the development of the human resource is based. A sound primary education gives the recipient a good start in this world of competition.

Two milestones are associated with the development of primary education in Pwani region. These are the launching of the Universal Primary Education Programme (UPE) in 1974 and efforts made by the Government, especially during the presidency, of Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete of increasing construction of primary school classrooms through involvement of the community and private sectors. These efforts have enhanced enrolment of pupils and increased the access of primary education in the country including Pwani region.

Secondary Education 

Secondary education is optional. But many parents and students have discovered its value in preparing young people for the future. Hence there has been a dramatic increase in both enrolment and the number of secondary schools throughout the country.

The policy of a secondary school per ward which was introduced by the government in early 2006 plays a big role in increasing number of secondary schools and enrolment in the region and the entire country. Private sector participation in the establishment of secondary schools is another reason for the increase in the number of secondary schools in the country.

In Coast region, the number of secondary schools increased from 90 in 2005 to 130 in 2008 and then reached 164 in 2012.

Bagamoyo had the largest number of secondary schools (40) equivlalent to 24.4 percent of total secondary schools in the region). It was followed by Mkuranga (32, 19.5 percent), Kibaha TC (31, 18.9 percent), Rufiji (21, 12.8 percent), Kisarawe (20, 12.2 percent) and Kibaha DC (14, 8.5percent). Mafia had the smallest number of secondary schools (6) (3.7 percent). Moreover, in 2012 Bagamoyo district council was leading in number of public secondary schools (24) and Kibaha TC led in number of private secondary schools (20).

Water Supply and Sanitation

Sustainable access to clean and safe water is essential for reducing poverty and health problems .The largest use of water is domestic water supply but due to increase in economic activities and delivery of social services which utilize water in one way or another, supply of water has become a burden which the government alone cannot meet. Hence the Government is encouraging private sector to invest in the water sector. Moreover, 45.3 percent of all agricultural households in 2007/08 depended on unprotected wells while 20 percent depended on piped water (2007/08 Pwani Region Agriculture Sample Census Report).